Encrypted backups with types, scheduling and CLI restore

Backups are now AES-256 encrypted zips in three types (full, database
only, master key), catalogued in a new backups table, built by cron rather
than the web request, and kept under uploads/backups with retention in the
nightly job. The encryption key is one value per install held in config.php,
never in the database and never in the file name.

Restore is shared by the setup wizard and the new scripts/restore_cli.php,
which is the only path without an upload size limit. It verifies the key and
unpacks the archive before dropping anything, and dumps the current database
first so a failed import is rolled back.

A backup dumps, zips and encrypts for minutes without issuing a query, so on
a server with a short wait_timeout the connection is closed underneath it and
the UPDATE marking the backup complete is what fails - long after the archive
was written correctly. The connection is now held open for the job and
re-established before any write that follows long file work, including the
database phase of a restore. Retention recovers rows a dropped connection
left behind: still Running after six hours becomes Complete if the archive is
on disk, Failed if it is not.

cron.php's own failure path is hardened to match. It recorded job failures
through the same connection the failing job had just killed, so an uncaught
exception ended the dispatch and no trace of the original error survived.
Failures now also echo to stdout, so cron mails something useful when the
database is unreachable.

Security: the setup wizard's restore step is now closed on any install that
has users, whatever config.php says. $config_enable_setup defaulted to
enabled when the flag was absent, and the flag is only written at the end of
a successful install, so an install abandoned partway left an unauthenticated
endpoint that would drop every table, import an attacker-supplied archive,
and overwrite uploads/ including the .htaccess that stops PHP running there.
Affects 26.07 and earlier. Restoring over a live install is now CLI only.

cron/backup.php

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?php
+
+// Set working directory to the directory this cron script lives at.
+chdir(dirname(__FILE__));
+
+// Ensure we're running from command line
+if (php_sapi_name() !== 'cli') {
+    die("This script must be run from the command line.\n");
+}
+
+// Prevent overlapping runs of this script
+$cron_lock_script = __FILE__;
+require_once "includes/cron_lock.php";
+
+require_once "../config.php";
+
+// Set Timezone
+require_once "../includes/inc_set_timezone.php";
+require_once "../functions.php";
+
+$sql_settings = mysqli_query($mysqli, "SELECT * FROM settings WHERE settings.company_id = 1");
+$row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($sql_settings);
+
+$config_enable_cron = intval($row['config_enable_cron']);
+$config_backup_cron_type = $row['config_backup_cron_type'] ?? 'full';
+
+if ($config_enable_cron == 0) {
+    cronJobStop("Cron: is not enabled\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Anything an administrator started from Settings > Backup is built first. Those are
+ * explicit requests and somebody is waiting on the notification.
+ */
+$queued = backupRunQueued($mysqli);
+
+if ($queued > 0) {
+    echo "Built $queued queued backup(s)\n";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Then the scheduled one. The dispatcher only calls this script when the schedule says so,
+ * so reaching here means a scheduled backup is due.
+ *
+ * Skipped if a backup of the same type already completed today - the day-match trap from
+ * CONTRIBUTING's cron rules. A second dispatch in the same day (a manual Run Now, a catch-up
+ * after downtime) must not produce a second scheduled archive.
+ */
+$type = in_array($config_backup_cron_type, backupUnattendedTypes(), true) ? $config_backup_cron_type : BACKUP_TYPE_FULL;
+$type_esc = escapeSql($type);
+
+$already = mysqli_num_rows(mysqli_query($mysqli, "SELECT backup_id FROM backups WHERE backup_source = 'Cron' AND backup_type = '$type_esc' AND backup_status = 'Complete' AND backup_completed_at >= CURDATE()"));
+
+if ($already > 0) {
+    echo "Scheduled backup already ran today\n";
+} else {
+    $error = null;
+    $backup_id = backupCreate($mysqli, $type, 'Cron', 'Cron', $error);
+
+    if ($backup_id > 0) {
+        echo "Scheduled " . backupTypeLabel($type) . " complete\n";
+        appNotify("Backup", "Scheduled " . backupTypeLabel($type) . " is ready to download", "/admin/backup.php");
+        logAudit("Backup", "Create", "Scheduled " . backupTypeLabel($type) . " completed");
+    } else {
+        echo "Scheduled backup FAILED: $error\n";
+        appNotify("Backup", "Scheduled backup failed: $error", "/admin/backup.php");
+        logAudit("Backup", "Create", "Scheduled backup failed: $error");
+        logApp("Backup", "error", "Scheduled backup failed: $error");
+    }
+}